Constitution: rights, duties and remedies

Build three separate folders

Fundamental Rights are in Part III. Directive Principles of State Policy are in Part IV. Fundamental Duties appear in Part IVA. The categories have different constitutional roles: treating all three as identical is a frequent revision error.

Article 32 provides remedies through the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights. Article 51A sets out Fundamental Duties. Article 21A addresses free and compulsory education for children aged six to fourteen.

Use contrast instead of isolated numbers

Recall one article and explain its purpose before opening your notes. Then compare it with a nearby concept. For example, a duty to protect the environment does not replace the legal mechanism for enforcing a right. Read the actual constitutional text whenever an option changes a qualification or scope.